目 錄
第 1 章 走進(jìn) Java ·······················································································.1
1.1 Java 概述 ·························································································.2
1.1.1 Java 的歷史 ···············································································.2
1.1.2 Java 的特點(diǎn) ···············································································.3
1.1.3 Java 的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域 ·········································································.4
1.2 Java 開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境 ···················································································.4
1.2.1 JDK 的安裝···············································································.4
1.2.2 配置 Java 開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境 ·····································································.6
1.2.3 安裝和配置開(kāi)發(fā)工具 IDEA ···························································.8
1.2.4 JDK 概述··················································································11
1.2.5 JRE 概述···················································································11
1.2.6 JDK、JRE 與 JVM 的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系 ···················································11
1.2.7 第一個(gè) Java 程序 ········································································11
1.3 Java 標(biāo)識(shí)符 ······················································································12
1.3.1 標(biāo)識(shí)符概述 ···············································································12
1.3.2 為什么使用標(biāo)識(shí)符 ······································································12
1.3.3 標(biāo)識(shí)符的命名規(guī)范 ······································································12
1.3.4 關(guān)鍵字和保留詞 ·········································································13
本章小結(jié) ·································································································13
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) ·································································································13
習(xí)題 ·······································································································13
第 2 章 數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型和變量 ················································································14
2.1 數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型 ··························································································16
2.1.1 基本數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型 ············································································16
2.1.2 引用數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型 ············································································16
2.2 常量和變量 ·······················································································17
2.2.1 常量概述 ··················································································17
2.2.2 常量的使用 ···············································································17
2.2.3 變量概述 ··················································································18
2.2.4 變量的使用 ···············································································18
2.3 數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換 ····················································································19
Java 編程技術(shù)與項(xiàng)目實(shí)戰(zhàn) VI
2.3.1 自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換 ··················································································19
2.3.2 強(qiáng)制轉(zhuǎn)換 ··················································································20
2.3.3 類(lèi)型推斷 ··················································································21
本章小結(jié) ·································································································22
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) ·································································································23
習(xí)題 ·······································································································23
實(shí)際操作訓(xùn)練 ···························································································23
第 3 章 運(yùn)算符 ·····························································································24
3.1 算術(shù)運(yùn)算符 ·······················································································26
3.1.1 加減乘除運(yùn)算符 ·········································································26
3.1.2 取模運(yùn)算符 ···············································································27
3.1.3 自增和自減運(yùn)算符 ······································································28
3.1.4 總結(jié)算術(shù)運(yùn)算符 ·········································································29
3.2 賦值運(yùn)算符 ·······················································································29
3.3 關(guān)系運(yùn)算符 ·······················································································30
3.3.1 關(guān)系運(yùn)算符概述 ·········································································30
3.3.2 關(guān)系運(yùn)算符的注意事項(xiàng) ································································31
3.3.3 關(guān)系運(yùn)算符的使用 ······································································31
3.4 邏輯運(yùn)算符 ·······················································································32
3.5 位運(yùn)算符 ··························································································33
3.5.1 位運(yùn)算符概述 ············································································33
3.5.2 位運(yùn)算符的類(lèi)型 ·········································································33
3.5.3 位運(yùn)算符的注意事項(xiàng) ···································································33
3.5.4 位運(yùn)算符的使用 ·········································································33
3.6 三元運(yùn)算符 ·······················································································34
3.6.1 三元運(yùn)算符概述 ·········································································34
3.6.2 三元運(yùn)算符的語(yǔ)法 ······································································34
3.6.3 三元運(yùn)算符的特點(diǎn) ······································································34
3.6.4 三元運(yùn)算符的注意事項(xiàng) ································································35
3.6.5 三元運(yùn)算符的使用 ······································································35
3.7 運(yùn)算符的優(yōu)先級(jí) ·················································································35
本章小結(jié) ·································································································36
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) ·································································································37
習(xí)題 ·······································································································37
實(shí)際操作訓(xùn)練 ···························································································37
第 4 章 流程控制語(yǔ)句 ···················································································38
4.1 順序結(jié)構(gòu) ··························································································39
4.1.1 順序結(jié)構(gòu)的定義 ·········································································39
目 錄 VII
4.1.2 順序結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn) ·········································································39
4.1.3 順序結(jié)構(gòu)的使用 ·········································································40
4.2 分支結(jié)構(gòu) ··························································································40
4.2.1 分支結(jié)構(gòu)的定義 ·········································································40
4.2.2 分支結(jié)構(gòu)的分類(lèi) ·········································································40
4.2.3 分支結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn) ·········································································41
4.2.4 分支結(jié)構(gòu)的使用 ·········································································42
4.3 循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu) ··························································································42
4.3.1 循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的定義 ·········································································42
4.3.2 循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的分類(lèi) ·········································································42
4.3.3 循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn) ·········································································44
本章小結(jié) ·································································································44
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) ·································································································45
習(xí)題 ·······································································································45
實(shí)際操作訓(xùn)練 ···························································································45
第 5 章 數(shù)組 ································································································46
5.1 數(shù)組介紹 ··························································································47
5.1.1 數(shù)組概念 ··················································································47
5.1.2 數(shù)組的特點(diǎn) ···············································································47
5.1.3 數(shù)組的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域 ·········································································48
5.2 一維數(shù)組 ··························································································48
5.2.1 一維數(shù)組的創(chuàng)建 ·········································································49
5.2.2 一維數(shù)組的初始化 ······································································50
5.2.3 一維數(shù)組的操作 ·········································································51
5.3 二維數(shù)組 ··························································································53
5.3.1 二維數(shù)組概述 ············································································53
5.3.2 二維數(shù)組的創(chuàng)建和初始化 ·····························································53
5.3.3 二維數(shù)組的注意事項(xiàng) ···································································54
本章小結(jié) ·································································································55
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) ·································································································55
習(xí)題 ·······································································································55
實(shí)際操作訓(xùn)練 ···························································································55
第 6 章 方法 ································································································56
6.1 方法概述 ··························································································58
6.1.1 方法的概念 ···············································································58
6.1.2 方法的特點(diǎn) ···············································································58
6.1.3 方法的作用 ···············································································58
6.2 方法的定義和調(diào)用 ··············································································59
Java 編程技術(shù)與項(xiàng)目實(shí)戰(zhàn) VIII
6.2.1 方法的定義 ···············································································59
6.2.2 方法的調(diào)用 ···············································································59
6.3 方法參數(shù) ··························································································60
6.3.1 方法參數(shù)的個(gè)數(shù) ·········································································60
6.3.2 方法參數(shù)的類(lèi)型 ·········································································61
6.3.3 方法參數(shù)的種類(lèi) ·········································································62
6.3.4 方法參數(shù)的傳遞 ·········································································62
6.4 方法返回值 ·······················································································64
6.4.1 方法返回值的類(lèi)型 ······································································64
6.4.2 方法返回值的應(yīng)用 ······································································64
6.4.3 方法返回值的注意事項(xiàng) ································································65
6.5 方法重載 ··························································································65
6.5.1 方法重載的規(guī)則 ·········································································65
6.5.2 方法重載的實(shí)現(xiàn) ·········································································65
6.5.3 方法重載的優(yōu)勢(shì) ·········································································67
6.6 方法的作用域和生命周期 ·····································································67
6.6.1 方法的作用域 ············································································67
6.6.2 方法的生命周期 ·········································································67
6.7 遞歸方法 ··························································································68
6.7.1 遞歸方法的定義 ·········································································68
6.7.2 遞歸方法的特點(diǎn) ·········································································68
6.7.3 遞歸方法的使用 ·········································································68
本章小結(jié) ·································································································69
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) ·································································································69
習(xí)題 ·······································································································69
實(shí)際操作訓(xùn)練 ···························································································70
第 7 章 面向?qū)ο蟆ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁ?1
7.1 面向?qū)ο蟮乃枷?·················································································73
7.1.1 面向過(guò)程的概念 ·········································································73
7.1.2 面向?qū)ο蟮母拍?·········································································73
7.1.3 面向?qū)ο笈c面向過(guò)程的關(guān)系 ··························································74
7.2 類(lèi)與對(duì)象的關(guān)系 ·················································································74
7.2.1 類(lèi)的定義 ··················································································74
7.2.2 對(duì)象的定義 ···············································································75
7.2.3 類(lèi)與對(duì)象的關(guān)系 ·········································································76
7.3 成員的調(diào)用 ·······················································································76
7.3.1 成員變量和成員方法的定義 ··························································76
7.3.2 成員變量和成員方法的調(diào)用 ··························································76
7.4 成員變量與局部變量的區(qū)別 ··································································77
目 錄 IX
7.5 關(guān)鍵字 this 和 static ············································································78
7.5.1 關(guān)鍵字 this ················································································78
7.5.2 關(guān)鍵字 static ··············································································79
7.6 構(gòu)造方法 ··························································································82
7.6.1 構(gòu)造方法的定義 ·········································································82
7.6.2 構(gòu)造方法的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu) ···································································83
7.6.3 構(gòu)造方法的訪問(wèn) ·········································································83
7.7 封裝 ································································································84
7.7.1 封裝的定義 ···············································································84
7.7.2 包 ···························································································84
7.7.3 訪問(wèn)修飾符的權(quán)限 ······································································85
7.7.4 封裝的實(shí)現(xiàn) ···············································································86
7.7.5 封裝的好處 ···············································································87
7.8 繼承 ································································································88
7.8.1 繼承的定義 ···············································································88
7.8.2 繼承的作用 ···············································································88
7.8.3 繼承的語(yǔ)法與實(shí)現(xiàn) ······································································88
7.8.4 成員的訪問(wèn) ···············································································89
7.8.5 構(gòu)造方法的調(diào)用順序 ···································································89
7.8.6 方法重寫(xiě) ··················································································90
7.8.7 關(guān)鍵字 super··············································································92
7.8.8 關(guān)鍵字 final ···············································································95
7.9 多態(tài) ································································································96
7.9.1 多態(tài)的定義 ···············································································96
7.9.2 多態(tài)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和作用 ······································································96
7.9.3 多態(tài)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式 ·········································································97
7.10 抽象類(lèi)和抽象方法 ············································································98
7.10.1 抽象類(lèi)的定義···········································································98
7.10.2 抽象類(lèi)的特點(diǎn)···········································································99
7.10.3 抽象類(lèi)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式·····································································99
7.10.4 抽象類(lèi)的作用········································································.100
7.10.5 抽象方法的定義·····································································.100
7.10.6 抽象方法的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式·······························································.100
7.11 接口····························································································.101
7.11.1 接口的定義···········································································.101
7.11.2 接口的特點(diǎn)···········································································.101
7.11.3 接口的作用···········································································.102
7.11.4 接口的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式·····································································.102
7.11.5 抽象類(lèi)與接口的區(qū)別·······························································.103
本章小結(jié) ······························································································.103
Java 編程技術(shù)與項(xiàng)目實(shí)戰(zhàn) X
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) ······························································································.104
習(xí)題 ····································································································.104
實(shí)際操作訓(xùn)練 ························································································.104
第 8 章 內(nèi)部類(lèi)··························································································.105
8.1 內(nèi)部類(lèi) ··························································································.106
8.1.1 內(nèi)部類(lèi)的定義 ·········································································.106
8.1.2 成員內(nèi)部類(lèi) ············································································.107
8.1.3 局部?jī)?nèi)部類(lèi) ············································································.108
8.2 靜態(tài)內(nèi)部類(lèi) ····················································································.109
8.2.1 靜態(tài)內(nèi)部類(lèi)的定義 ···································································.109
8.2.2 靜態(tài)內(nèi)部類(lèi)的使用 ···································································.110
8.3 匿名內(nèi)部類(lèi) ····················································································.111
本章小結(jié) ······························································································.111
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) ······························································································.112
習(xí)題 ····································································································.112
第 9 章 異常處理·······················································································.113
9.1 異常概念 ·······················································································.114
9.1.1 異常概述 ···············································································.114
9.1.2 異常體系結(jié)構(gòu) ·········································································.115
9.1.3 常用異常類(lèi) ············································································.115
9.2 異常處理 ·······················································································.116
9.2.1 異常捕獲 ···············································································.116
9.2.2 異常拋出 ···············································································.118
9.3 自定義異常類(lèi) ·················································································.118
9.3.1 自定義異常類(lèi)概述 ···································································.118
9.3.2 自定義異常類(lèi)的實(shí)現(xiàn) ································································.118
9.3.3 異常鏈 ··················································································.119
本章小結(jié) ······························································································.119
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) ······························································································.119
習(xí)題 ····································································································.120
第 10 章 字符串和常用類(lèi)庫(kù)········································································.121
10.1 字符串定義和通用操作 ···································································.122
10.1.1 創(chuàng)建字符串···········································································.122
10.1.2 字符串通用操作·····································································.123
10.1.3 StringAPI··············································································.126
10.2 StringBuilder 和 StringBuffer ····························································.127
10.2.1 StringBuilder 和 StringBuffer 概述···············································.127
目 錄 XI
10.2.2 常用方法··············································································.128
10.2.3 StringBuilder 和 StringBuffer 的區(qū)別············································.129
10.3 正則表達(dá)式···················································································.129
10.3.1 正則表達(dá)式概述·····································································.129
10.3.2 正則表達(dá)式的語(yǔ)法··································································.130
10.3.3 正則表達(dá)式的使用··································································.130
10.4 Java 常用類(lèi)庫(kù) ··············································································.132
10.4.1 Object 類(lèi)··············································································.132
10.4.2 Math 類(lèi)················································································.135
10.4.3 Random 類(lèi)············································································.136
10.4.4 Date 類(lèi) ················································································.137
10.4.5 包裝類(lèi)·················································································.140
本章小結(jié) ······························································································.141
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) ······························································································.141
習(xí)題 ····································································································.141
實(shí)際操作訓(xùn)練 ························································································.141
第 11 章 集合框架·····················································································.142
11.1 集合框架概述················································································.144
11.1.1 數(shù)組特點(diǎn)和弊端·····································································.144
11.1.2 Java 集合框架體系··································································.144
11.1.3 Java 集合的使用場(chǎng)景·······························································.144
11.2 單列集合······················································································.146
11.2.1 Collection 接口·······································································.146
11.2.2 Iterator 接口 ··········································································.151
11.2.3 List 接口 ··············································································.153
11.2.4 Set 接口 ···············································································.157
11.3 雙列集合······················································································.165
11.3.1 Map 集合概述········································································.165
11.3.2 HashMap 實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi) ····································································.165
11.3.3 TreeMap 實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi) ·····································································.167
11.3.4 HashTable 實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi) ···································································.172
11.3.5 Properties 實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)····································································.172
11.4 Collections 工具類(lèi) ·········································································.173
本章小結(jié) ······························································································.174
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) ······························································································.174
習(xí)題 ····································································································.174
實(shí)際操作訓(xùn)練 ························································································.174
Java 編程技術(shù)與項(xiàng)目實(shí)戰(zhàn) XII
第 12 章 File 類(lèi)與輸入輸出流 ·····································································.175
12.1 File 類(lèi)·························································································.176
12.1.1 File 類(lèi)概述 ···········································································.176
12.1.2 File 類(lèi)的構(gòu)造方法 ··································································.177
12.1.3 File 類(lèi)的常用方法 ··································································.178
12.2 輸入輸出流分類(lèi) ············································································.180
12.2.1 輸入輸出流分類(lèi)概述·······························································.180
12.2.1 輸入輸出流 API ·····································································.180
12.3 節(jié)點(diǎn)流·························································································.181
12.3.1 Reader 與 Writer·····································································.181
12.3.2 FileReader 與 FileWriter 實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)··················································.182
12.3.3 InputStream 與 OutputStream······················································.183
12.3.4 FileInputStream 與 FileOutputStream ············································.184
12.4 處理流·························································································.187
12.4.1 緩存流·················································································.187
12.4.2 轉(zhuǎn)換流·················································································.190
12.5 其他流·························································································.192
12.5.1 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入輸出流·····································································.192
12.5.2 打印流·················································································.193
12.5.3 Scanner 類(lèi) ············································································.194
本章小結(jié) ······························································································.196
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) ······························································································.196
習(xí)題 ····································································································.196
實(shí)際操作訓(xùn)練 ························································································.196
第 13 章 多線程························································································.197
13.1 多線程基本概念 ············································································.199
13.1.1 程序、進(jìn)程與線程··································································.199
13.1.2 線程的調(diào)度···········································································.199
13.1.3 多線程的優(yōu)點(diǎn)········································································.200
13.1.4 單核與多核概述·····································································.200
13.1.5 并行與并發(fā)概述·····································································.200
13.2 線程的創(chuàng)建與啟動(dòng) ·········································································.200
13.2.1 繼承 Thread 類(lèi)·······································································.200
13.2.2 實(shí)現(xiàn) Runnable 接口·································································.202
13.2.3 匿名內(nèi)部類(lèi)創(chuàng)建啟動(dòng)線程·························································.204
13.2.4 繼承 Thread 類(lèi)與實(shí)現(xiàn) Runnable 接口的區(qū)別··································.205
13.3 線程的生命周期 ············································································.205
13.4 多線程同步···················································································.206
目 錄 XIII
13.4.1 資源線程的安全問(wèn)題·······························································.206
13.4.2 同步機(jī)制··············································································.210
13.5 線程間的通信 ···············································································.215
13.5.1 為什么要進(jìn)行線程通信····························································.215
13.5.2 等待喚醒機(jī)制········································································.216
13.6 線程池·························································································.220
13.6.1 為什么使用線程池··································································.220
13.6.2 線程池的優(yōu)點(diǎn)········································································.221
13.6.3 線程池相關(guān) API ·····································································.221
本章小結(jié) ······························································································.223
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) ······························································································.223
習(xí)題 ····································································································.223
實(shí)際操作訓(xùn)練 ························································································.224
習(xí)題答案····································································································.225